Behavioral Skills Training (BST) is a powerful, evidence‐based method for teaching new skills. Widely used in ABA and other fields, BST provides a systematic approach to skill acquisition, leading to improved performance across various settings and target audiences. This guide provides a step‐by‐step overview of implementing BST effectively.
What is BST?
BST is a comprehensive training method that combines several components to maximize skill development. These components include:
- Instruction: Clear and concise explanation of the skill.
- Modeling: Demonstration of the correct way to perform the skill.
- Rehearsal: Opportunities for practice and feedback.
- Feedback: Constructive feedback on performance.
BST often incorporates techniques like task analysis, shaping, prompting, and chaining to enhance learning. Its structured process and ongoing support empower learners to achieve mastery.
Implementing BST: A 4-Step Process
1. Instruction
Begin by providing clear and concise instructions. Explain the skill, its importance, and the steps involved. Use simple language, examples, and break down complex behaviors into smaller tasks. Review relevant documentation (e.g., BIP, skill acquisition plan) to provide a reference for trainees.
Example: Training an RBT to implement Functional Communication Training (FCT):
- Explain the purpose of FCT (replacing challenging behavior with communication).
- Provide examples of FCT in action.
- Review the steps of FCT (creating opportunities, prompting communication, reinforcing approximations, introducing delays).
- Offer ongoing support and answer questions.
2. Modeling
Demonstrate the target skill through live demonstrations, videos, or other resources. Highlight each step, address potential challenges, and encourage questions.
Example:
- Show a video demonstrating FCT, pausing to highlight key steps and discuss potential challenges.
- Role‐play with the RBT, demonstrating the correct implementation of FCT.
3. Rehearsal
Provide opportunities for the trainee to practice the skill in a controlled environment, often through role‐play.
Example:
- Role‐play with the RBT, simulating challenging situations and providing prompts and feedback.
- Provide a fidelity checklist for self‐monitoring during practice and actual sessions.
4. Feedback
Provide immediate and specific feedback after rehearsal and during real‐world application. Balance positive reinforcement with constructive criticism. Use feedback to inform further instruction and modeling.
Example:
- Observe the RBT implementing FCT with the learner, providing feedback and support.
- Review the fidelity checklist together, highlighting strengths and areas for improvement.
- Offer additional practice or support as needed.
Avoid the "feedback sandwich" approach. Our CEU course offers an alternative using the ACT matrix for more effective feedback.
Benefits and Applications of BST
BST is efficient, flexible, and adaptable to diverse populations. Its applications include:
- Mental Health: Training therapists in evidence‐based interventions.
- Education: Training teachers in classroom management strategies.
- Safety Skills: Teaching safety skills (e.g., street crossing, fire safety).
Ethical Considerations
When implementing BST, consider the following ethical guidelines:
- Informed Consent: Obtain informed consent from participants.
- Privacy and Confidentiality: Protect participant information.
- Competence: Ensure trainer qualifications and expertise.
- Dual Relationships: Avoid dual relationships with participants.
- Cultural Sensitivity: Be sensitive to diverse cultural backgrounds.
- Consent for Recording: Obtain consent for video recording.
- Coercion: Avoid coercion or punishment.
- Monitoring and Evaluation: Regularly assess training effectiveness.
- Generalization: Promote skill generalization to real‐world settings.
- Professional Development: Encourage ongoing professional development.
Research on BST
Numerous studies demonstrate the effectiveness of BST across various applications, including teaching interview skills, parent training, social skills training, abduction prevention, and staff training in various settings. See the table in the original article for summaries and action steps.
Conclusion
By implementing BST effectively and ethically, BCBAs can empower trainees, improve learner outcomes, and contribute to the advancement of the field.